无人船现状及发展趋势综述     

蒲进菁  刘涵  江云华  黄坚  邝广绅  李小龙 《海洋信息》2020,35(1):6-11

无人船是海洋技术发展的产物,作为一种新型技术手段目前已在海洋调测和防务领域广泛应用.本文从无人船系统的组成、应用领域和发展现状出发,归纳总结无人船的关键技术,并研究其发展趋势.作为一种水面机动载体,无人船关键技术包括特型平台设计技术、运动控制技术和通信技术3个方面,其核心是围绕任务内容、载荷原理、使用环境特点,以应用设计、功能开发为主体的系统集成和应用.现阶段无人船主要作为传统海上工作方法的补充,在遵守、参照现有各种法规、技术标准要求的前提下,搭载已成型的船用任务载荷,按照载人船舶的作业模式、施工惯例投入各种应用.未来随着材料技术、人工智能、通信技术的发展,以及相关政策、法规的建立、健全,无人船将逐步成为一种独立的技术手段,形成一系列新的作业模式和技术方法.  相似文献   

AUV重力测量的运动加速度建模及平台优选          下载免费PDF全文

张志强  李建成  郑晗  文无敌 《海洋测绘》2020,40(4):9-16

针对适合捷联式重力仪的AUV搭载平台的选型问题,基于国内AUV实际航行数据,分析了多推进器组合、推进器和浮力舱组合、推进器和鳍舵组合等3类AUV的定深航行运动特性;推导了AUV水下航行在3个坐标轴方向上对重力仪产生的运动加速度计算公式,得到运动加速度与AUV水下6个自由度运动要素的解析表达式;基于运动加速度分析,讨论了适用于水下移动重力测量的AUV平台和推进装置设计,进行了AUV搭载平台的优选,并给出了重力仪安装位置建议;选定的AUV实验平台实施移动重力测量验证试验重复线精度达到0.42mGal,验证了搭载平台优选的有效性。  相似文献   

AUV矢量推进水动力计算及水平回转操纵性试验     

李雨田  雷敏  冯朝  韩用波 《数字海洋与水下攻防》2020,3(4):288-294

针对矢量推进模式下的 AUV 水动力性能和操纵性能，开展了 AUV 矢量推进水动力 CFD 计算， 对矢量推进水平回转操纵性进行了评估，加工了矢量推进样机，并进行湖上操纵性验证。理论计算和试验数据表明：矢量推进具备极高的低速操纵性，该研究为矢量推进在 AUV 上的应用提供了理论和技术基础。  相似文献   

How forest gaps shaped plant diversity along an elevational gradient in Wolong National Nature Reserve?     

Chen  Li  Han  Wangya  Liu  Dan  Liu  Guohua 《地理学报(英文版)》2019,29(7):1081-1097

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Understanding the underlying ecological processes that control plant diversity within (α-diversity) and among (β-diversity) forest gaps is important for...  相似文献   

Dynamic Performance Investigation of A Spar-Type Floating Wind Turbine Under Different Sea Conditions     

Han Wang  Zhi-qiang Hu  Xiang-yin Meng 《中国海洋工程》2018,32(3):256-265

Both numerical calculation and model test are important techniques to study and forecast the dynamic responses of the floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT). However, both the methods have their own limitations at present. In this study, the dynamic responses of a 5 MW OC3 spar-type floating wind turbine designed for a water depth of 200 m are numerically investigated and validated by a 1:50 scaled model test. Moreover, the discrepancies between the numerical calculations and model tests are obtained and discussed. According to the discussions, it is found that the surge and pitch are coupled with the mooring tensions, but the heave is independent of them. Surge and pitch are mainly induced by wave under wind wave conditions. Wind and current will induce the low-frequency average responses, while wave will induce the fluctuation ranges of the responses. In addition, wave will induce the wavefrequency responses but wind and current will restrain the ranges of the responses.  相似文献   

淮南顾桥煤矿新构造运动的证据     

韩必武  韩鹤威  白志钊 《中国煤炭地质》2020,(1):11-17,31

新构造运动系指晚新生代以来的构造运动,其在天然地震研究、煤田地质与油气勘探、城市建设等领域均具有重要的意义。以淮南顾桥煤矿为研究区,结合区域构造背景和顾桥煤矿的地震地质条件,利用地震解释中的层拉平技术恢复研究区典型剖面的古构造地貌,厘定了各条断层的时空配置关系;结合13块钻孔岩心样品的ESR和热释光年龄,定量分析了断层的发育年代。结果表明:研究区存在新构造运动,且与地震层拉平构造演化预测结论吻合;研究成果对于顾桥煤矿的设计和安全生产的意义。  相似文献   

Calibration method affects the measured δ2H and δ18O in soil water by direct H2Oliquid–H2Ovapour equilibration with laser spectroscopy     

Hongxiu Wang  Bingcheng Si  Dyan Pratt  Han Li  Xiaojun Ma 《水文研究》2020,34(2):506-516

The direct H₂O_liquid–H₂O_vapour equilibration method utilizing laser spectroscopy (DVE-LS) is a way to measure soil pore water stable isotopes. Various equilibration times and calibration methods have been used in DVE-LS. Yet little is known about their effects on the accuracy of the obtained isotope values. The objective of this study was to evaluate how equilibration time and calibration methods affect the accuracy of DVE-LS. We did both spiking and field soil experiments. For the spiking experiment, we applied DVE-LS to four soils of different textures, each of which was subjected to five water contents and six equilibration times. For the field soil experiment, we applied three calibration methods for DVE-LS to two field soil profiles, and the results were compared with cryogenic vacuum distillation (CVD)-LS. Results showed that DVE-LS demonstrated higher δ²H and δ¹⁸O as equilibration time increased, but 12 to 24 hr could be used as optimal equilibration time. For field soil samples, DVE-LS with liquid waters as standards led to significantly higher δ²H and δ¹⁸O than CVD-LS, with root mean square error (RMSE) of 8.06‰ for δ²H and 0.98‰ for δ¹⁸O. Calibration with soil texture reduced RMSE to 3.53‰ and 0.72‰ for δ²H and δ¹⁸O, respectively. Further, calibration with both soil texture and water content decreased RMSE to 3.10‰ for δ²H and 0.73‰ for δ¹⁸O. Our findings conclude that the calibration method applied may affect the measured soil water isotope values from DVE-LS.  相似文献   

Multivariate adaptive regression splines for estimating riverine constituent concentrations     

Hong Huang  Xiaoliang Ji  Fang Xia  Shuhui Huang  Xu Shang  Han Chen  Minghua Zhang  Randy A. Dahlgren  Kun Mei 《水文研究》2020,34(5):1213-1227

Regression-based methods are commonly used for riverine constituent concentration/flux estimation, which is essential for guiding water quality protection practices and environmental decision making. This paper developed a multivariate adaptive regression splines model for estimating riverine constituent concentrations (MARS-EC). The process, interpretability and flexibility of the MARS-EC modelling approach, was demonstrated for total nitrogen in the Patuxent River, a major river input to Chesapeake Bay. Model accuracy and uncertainty of the MARS-EC approach was further analysed using nitrate plus nitrite datasets from eight tributary rivers to Chesapeake Bay. Results showed that the MARS-EC approach integrated the advantages of both parametric and nonparametric regression methods, and model accuracy was demonstrated to be superior to the traditionally used ESTIMATOR model. MARS-EC is flexible and allows consideration of auxiliary variables; the variables and interactions can be selected automatically. MARS-EC does not constrain concentration-predictor curves to be constant but rather is able to identify shifts in these curves from mathematical expressions and visual graphics. The MARS-EC approach provides an effective and complementary tool along with existing approaches for estimating riverine constituent concentrations.  相似文献   

Bibliometric Analysis of Research Progress on Coastal Surface Water and Groundwater Interaction     

Tianzheng Cao  Dongmei Han  Xianfang Song  Wei Liu  Di Du 《地球科学进展》2020,35(2):154-166

The interactions among surface water, groundwater and seawater are closely related in the coastal area with complex hydrological conditions. A series of impacts from human activities and climate change are also more significant in this region. In order to understand the key knowledge and research status of surface water and groundwater interaction in coastal area, it is a useful method to analyze literatures in this research scope in the core database of Web of Science by using CiteSpace. The research achievements in this field were systematically sorted and potential research hotspots were explored, which may provide references for subsequent researches. The results show the following. \mathrm{①} The number of highly cited articles and highly burst articles in this research field has increased significantly since 2010. At present, this field is still in the development stage and has a broad research prospect. \mathrm{②} The United States, Australia, China and Germany have done plenty of researches on this issue and achieved a lot. At present, the number of research achievements supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China is in the lead over the world. \mathrm{③} Seawater intrusion, submarine groundwater discharge, the relationship between tide and hydrological conditions are the main research direction in this field. Hydrochemistry and isotopic analysis, and numerical simulation are the most important research methods in this field. \mathrm{④} The potential development directions and breakthroughs in this field include submarine groundwater discharge, the evolution of coastal mangrove wetlands, the migration and transformation of nutrients, the influences of different hydrological factors on coastal areas, and the impact of climate change on coastal areas. Overall, the future development of surface water and groundwater research in coastal areas is inseparable from the cross-integration of various disciplines, mutual verification of multiple methods and the introduction of new technical means.  相似文献   

胶州湾沉积物中石油降解菌的降解能力及多样性研究     

高伟  高祥兴  米铁柱  韩彬  张毅然  李馨子  尹晓斐  孙承君  李倩  崔志松  栾晓  于志刚  郑立 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(6):54-64

2013年青岛输油管道爆炸，大量石油污染了附近海岸。课题组采集了污染的沉积物样品，以原油为唯一碳源和能源，富集了四个石油降解菌群。生物多样性和群落分析表明，Luteibacter、Parvibaculum 和属于食烷菌科的一个属是降解菌群的主要优势菌，都属于变形菌门。从石油降解菌群中分离筛选，获得了9株具有不同16S rRNA基因序列的降解菌，分别属于8个属。重量法测定降解菌的石油降解率，其中5株的石油降解率大于30%。GC-MS分析结果表明，石油降解菌多倾向于降解烷烃，对多环芳烃的降解能力较差，其中5株细菌的烷烃降解率较大，仅1株菌D2对多环芳烃的降解率较大，其降解率在34.9%到77.5%。通过对高通量数据的分析，表明食烷菌属是菌群A和菌群E的主要降解菌群，其中筛选获得的菌株E4可能是菌群E的一株优势降解菌。本研究所筛选菌株证明了其石油降解潜力，为油污染海滩生物修复提供了菌株资源。  相似文献